most conspicuous

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

but primus is rarely used for prior,

Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).

In gen.:

qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

primae litterae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

primus inter homines nobilissimos,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

primi ex omnibus philosophis,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

primus de mille fuisses,

Ov. H. 17, 105:

in primis,

among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

in primis stetit,

id. Epam. 10, 3:

in primis pugnantes,

Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

Quint. 3, 1, 8.—

In partic.

In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

in primā provinciā,

at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

digitus,

the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

primā statim nocte,

at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

sol,

i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

luna,

i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

primo quoque tempore,

at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

primo quoque die,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

me tibi primum quidque concedente,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

hoc a primo cogitavit,

id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

id a primo rectissime dicitur,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

equites in primo late ire jubet,

in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

Cic. Or. 64, 215. —

First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

sui municipii facile primus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

homo,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

primis urbis placuisse,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

juvenum primi,

Verg. A. 9, 785:

est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

quia sum apud te primus,

I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

primus humani generis,

Sil. 17, 255:

urbem Italiae primam,

Petr. 116:

praedium,

Cato, R. R. 1:

suavia prima habere,

to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

cura,

a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

primas partes, or primas agere,

to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

primas tenere,

to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

in primis lautus eques,

Nep. Att. 13, 1:

oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

homo in primis improbissimus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

68: vir magnus in primis,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

in primis... dein,

first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).

prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.

In gen.:

aedes primo ruere rebamur,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

primo non accredidit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

id. Them. 6, 5:

contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—

With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

Sall. C. 10, 3:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

primo... deinde,

Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

Cels. 5, 26, 34:

primo... inde,... hinc,

Liv. 30, 11, 6:

haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

Sall. C. 10, 6:

dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

Liv. 26, 39:

primo... mox,

id. 1, 50:

primo... mox deinde,

Just. 1, 3:

primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

Sall. J. 111, 2:

neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—

(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

primo... iterum,

Liv. 2, 51:

primo... rursus,

Suet. Aug. 17:

primo... secundo,

Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—

prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).

In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

primum... deinde... deinde,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

primum... subinde,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

primum... mox,

id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—

Without other adverbs.

In gen.:

quaerenda pecunia primum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

te Quicumque primum Produxit,

id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—

Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—

With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.

Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—

Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—

With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—

With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

hodie primum ire in ganeum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

quo die primum convocati su mus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—

prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—

prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

but primus is rarely used for prior,

Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).

In gen.:

qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

primae litterae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

primus inter homines nobilissimos,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

primi ex omnibus philosophis,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

primus de mille fuisses,

Ov. H. 17, 105:

in primis,

among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

in primis stetit,

id. Epam. 10, 3:

in primis pugnantes,

Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

Quint. 3, 1, 8.—

In partic.

In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

in primā provinciā,

at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

digitus,

the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

primā statim nocte,

at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

sol,

i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

luna,

i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

primo quoque tempore,

at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

primo quoque die,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

me tibi primum quidque concedente,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

hoc a primo cogitavit,

id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

id a primo rectissime dicitur,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

equites in primo late ire jubet,

in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

Cic. Or. 64, 215. —

First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

sui municipii facile primus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

homo,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

primis urbis placuisse,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

juvenum primi,

Verg. A. 9, 785:

est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

quia sum apud te primus,

I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

primus humani generis,

Sil. 17, 255:

urbem Italiae primam,

Petr. 116:

praedium,

Cato, R. R. 1:

suavia prima habere,

to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

cura,

a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

primas partes, or primas agere,

to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

primas tenere,

to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

in primis lautus eques,

Nep. Att. 13, 1:

oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

homo in primis improbissimus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

68: vir magnus in primis,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

in primis... dein,

first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).

prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.

In gen.:

aedes primo ruere rebamur,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

primo non accredidit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

id. Them. 6, 5:

contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—

With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

Sall. C. 10, 3:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

primo... deinde,

Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

Cels. 5, 26, 34:

primo... inde,... hinc,

Liv. 30, 11, 6:

haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

Sall. C. 10, 6:

dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

Liv. 26, 39:

primo... mox,

id. 1, 50:

primo... mox deinde,

Just. 1, 3:

primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

Sall. J. 111, 2:

neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—

(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

primo... iterum,

Liv. 2, 51:

primo... rursus,

Suet. Aug. 17:

primo... secundo,

Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—

prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).

In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

primum... deinde... deinde,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

primum... subinde,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

primum... mox,

id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—

Without other adverbs.

In gen.:

quaerenda pecunia primum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

te Quicumque primum Produxit,

id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—

Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—

With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.

Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—

Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—

With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—

With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

hodie primum ire in ganeum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

quo die primum convocati su mus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—

prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—

prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

but primus is rarely used for prior,

Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).

In gen.:

qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

primae litterae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

primus inter homines nobilissimos,

id. Sest. 3, 6:

primi ex omnibus philosophis,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

primus de mille fuisses,

Ov. H. 17, 105:

in primis,

among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

in primis stetit,

id. Epam. 10, 3:

in primis pugnantes,

Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

Quint. 3, 1, 8.—

In partic.

In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

in primā provinciā,

at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

digitus,

the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

primā statim nocte,

at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

sol,

i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

luna,

i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

primo quoque tempore,

at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

primo quoque die,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

me tibi primum quidque concedente,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

Cic. Or. 8, 26:

suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

hoc a primo cogitavit,

id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

id a primo rectissime dicitur,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

equites in primo late ire jubet,

in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

Cic. Or. 64, 215. —

First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

sui municipii facile primus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

homo,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

primis urbis placuisse,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

juvenum primi,

Verg. A. 9, 785:

est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

quia sum apud te primus,

I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

primus humani generis,

Sil. 17, 255:

urbem Italiae primam,

Petr. 116:

praedium,

Cato, R. R. 1:

suavia prima habere,

to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

cura,

a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

primas partes, or primas agere,

to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

primas tenere,

to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

in primis lautus eques,

Nep. Att. 13, 1:

oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

homo in primis improbissimus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

68: vir magnus in primis,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

in primis... dein,

first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).

prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.

In gen.:

aedes primo ruere rebamur,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

primo non accredidit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

id. Them. 6, 5:

contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—

With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

Sall. C. 10, 3:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

primo... deinde,

Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

Cels. 5, 26, 34:

primo... inde,... hinc,

Liv. 30, 11, 6:

haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

Sall. C. 10, 6:

dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

Liv. 26, 39:

primo... mox,

id. 1, 50:

primo... mox deinde,

Just. 1, 3:

primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

Sall. J. 111, 2:

neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—

(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

primo... iterum,

Liv. 2, 51:

primo... rursus,

Suet. Aug. 17:

primo... secundo,

Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—

prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).

In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

primum... deinde... deinde,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

primum... subinde,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

primum... mox,

id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—

Without other adverbs.

In gen.:

quaerenda pecunia primum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

te Quicumque primum Produxit,

id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—

Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—

With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.

Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—

Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—

With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—

With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

hodie primum ire in ganeum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

quo die primum convocati su mus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—

prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—

prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

* * *

ăd-ĕo, ĭī, and rarely īvi, ĭtum (arch. adirier for adiri, Enn. Rib. Trag. p. 59), 4, v. n. and a. (acc. to Paul. ex Fest. should be accented a/deo; v. Fest. s. v. adeo, p. 19 Müll.; cf. the foll. word), to go to or approach a person or thing (syn.: accedo, aggredior, advenio, appeto).

Lit.

In gen., constr.

With ad (very freq.): sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum, Att. ap. Non. 512, 10:

neque eum ad me adire neque me magni pendere visu'st,

Plaut. Cur. 2, 2, 12:

adeamne ad eam?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; id. Eun. 3, 5, 30: aut ad consules aut ad te aut ad Brutum adissent, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 208, 5:

ad M. Bibulum adierunt, id. Fragm. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: ad aedis nostras nusquam adiit,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 24:

adibam ad istum fundum,

Cic. Caec. 29 —

With in: priusquam Romam atque in horum conventum adiretis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26 ed. Halm.—Esp.: adire in jus, to go to law:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 4, § 147; id. Att. 11, 24; Caes. B. C. 1, 87, and in the Plebiscit. de Thermens. lin. 42: QVO DE EA RE IN IOVS ADITVM ERIT, cf. Dirks., Versuche S. p. 193.—

Absol.:

adeunt, consistunt, copulantur dexteras,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 38:

eccum video: adibo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5.—

With acc.:

ne Stygeos adeam non libera manes,

Ov. M. 13, 465:

voces aetherias adiere domos,

Sil. 6, 253:

castrorum vias,

Tac. A. 2, 13:

municipia,

id. ib. 39:

provinciam,

Suet. Aug. 47:

non poterant adire eum,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 19:

Graios sales carmine patrio,

to attain to, Verg. Cat. 11, 62; so with latter supine:

planioribus aditu locis,

places easier to approach, Liv. 1, 33.—With local adv.:

quoquam,

Sall. J. 14:

huc,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.—

Esp.,

To approach one for the purpose of addressing, asking aid, consulting, and the like, to address, apply to, consult (diff. from aggredior, q. v.). —Constr. with ad or oftener with acc.; hence also pass.:

quanto satius est, adire blandis verbis atque exquaerere, sintne illa, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 35:

aliquot me adierunt,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 2:

adii te heri de filia,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 9: cum pacem peto, cum placo, cum adeo, et cum appello meam, Lucil. ap. Non. 237, 28:

ad me adire quosdam memini, qui dicerent,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10:

coram adire et alloqui,

Tac. H. 4, 65.— Pass.:

aditus consul idem illud responsum retulit,

when applied to, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

neque praetores adiri possent,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5.—Hence: adire aliquem per epistulam, to address one in writing, by a letter:

per epistulam, aut per nuntium, quasi regem, adiri eum aiunt,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 9 and 10; cf. Tac. A. 4, 39; id. H. 1, 9.—So also: adire deos, aras, deorum sedes, etc., to approach the gods, their altars, etc., as a suppliant (cf.:

acced. ad aras,

Lucr. 5, 1199): quoi me ostendam? quod templum adeam? Att. ap. Non. 281, 6:

ut essent simulacra, quae venerantes deos ipsos se adire crederent,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27:

adii Dominum et deprecatus sum,

Vulg. Sap. 8, 21:

aras,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1:

sedes deorum,

Tib. 1, 5, 39:

libros Sibyllinos,

to consult the Sibylline Books, Liv. 34, 55; cf. Tac. A. 1, 76:

oracula,

Verg. A. 7, 82.—

To go to a thing in order to examine it, to visit:

oppida castellaque munita,

Sall. J. 94:

hiberna,

Tac. H. 1, 52.—

To come up to one in a hostile manner, to assail, attack:

aliquem: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ero,

Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 52:

nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum,

Verg. A. 5, 379:

Servilius obvia adire arma jubetur,

Sil. 9, 272.

Fig.

To go to the performance of any act, to enter upon, to undertake, set about, undergo, submit to (cf.: accedo, aggredior, and adorior).—With ad or the acc. (class.):

nunc eam rem vult, scio, mecum adire ad pactionem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 25:

tum primum nos ad causas et privatas et publicas adire coepimus,

Cic. Brut. 90:

adii causas oratorum, id. Fragm. Scaur. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: adire ad rem publicam,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

ad extremum periculum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7.—With acc.:

periculum capitis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38:

laboribus susceptis periculisque aditis,

id. Off. 1, 19:

in adeundis periculis,

id. ib. 24; cf.:

adeundae inimicitiae, subeundae saepe pro re publica tempestates,

id. Sest. 66, 139: ut vitae periculum aditurus videretur, Auct. B. G. 8, 48: maximos labores et summa pericula. Nep. Timol. 5:

omnem fortunam,

Liv. 25, 10:

dedecus,

Tac. A. 1, 39:

servitutem voluntariam,

id. G. 24:

invidiam,

id. A. 4, 70:

gaudia,

Tib. 1, 5, 39.—Hence of an inheritance, t. t., to enter on:

cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16; so id. Arch. 5; Suet. Aug. 8 and Dig.;

hence also: adire nomen,

to assume the name bequeathed by will, Vell. 2, 60.—

Adire manum alicui, prov., to deceive one, to make sport of (the origin of this phrase is unc.; Acidalius conjectures that it arose from some artifice practised in wrestling, Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 8):

eo pacto avarae Veneri pulcre adii manum,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 11; so id. Aul. 2, 8, 8; id. Cas. 5, 2, 54; id. Pers. 5, 2, 18.

ăd-ĕō̆, adv. [cf. quoad and adhuc] (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; [p. 33] cf. Gell. 7, 7).

In the ante-class. per.,

To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far.

Of space:

surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris,

fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.— Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5):

postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5.—

Of time, so long ( as), so long ( till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad:

merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.:

nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76:

atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere,

Cic. Sest. 38, 82.—

For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion... in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38:

adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum?

Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.—Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity:

gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias,

in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12.—

(Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias ( beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.—Hence also with etiam:

adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio,

besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101.—

(Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that:

id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32:

id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc.,

id. Aul. 4, 10, 9:

adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut):

atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.)—

In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.:

jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al.

To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word,

To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives:

adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 65:

neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc.,

Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.:

et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 92:

nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.—With usque:

adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10:

usque adeo turbatur,

even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.—In questions:

adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem?

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49:

adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.—With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last:

non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit,

Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9:

verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.—

Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem?... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz.,

that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565:

adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars?

Juv. 6, 59.—Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut... adeo nihil ut... so little that, so far from that... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non—tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.—Also with contra in the concluding clause:

apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent,

Liv. 30, 34, 5. —

Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. ge, even, indeed, just, precisely. So,

Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. egôge, suge, autos ge, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (touto ge), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet;

ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es,

you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (suge akousêi), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (tautên ge tên charin), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16:

haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt,

even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.—It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (touto ge skopeite), Cic. Caec. 30, 87:

id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80:

ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat,

And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.—It is rarely used with ille:

ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.—Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37. —With interrog. pron.:

Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc.,

Gell. 7, 17.—Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.:

teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit,

Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73;

and without the copulative: vos adeo... item ego vos virgis circumvinciam,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.— Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (egôge):

tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73:

ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16:

nec me adeo fallit,

Verg. A. 4, 96.—Ipse adeo (autos ge), for the sake of emphasis:

atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24:

ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4:

ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus,

Sil. 14, 487.—

With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. ei ge), if indeed, if truly:

nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus,

unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7.—

With adverbs: nunc adeo (nun ge), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (dê ge), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23:

inde adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:

hinc adeo,

Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (houtôs ge), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646:

vix adeo,

Verg. A. 6, 498:

non adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. —

With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully:

quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae!

how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63:

trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus,

three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.—And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.:

quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter,

very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—

With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only:

sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint,

Plaut. Am. prol. 71:

si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10:

mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire,

or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo:

ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—

With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. ge (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray:

propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. xullabete g auton, Soph. Phil. 1003).—

Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely:

nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem,

so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:

nec sum adeo informis,

nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25:

nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus,

Suet. Aug. 65:

et merito adeo,

and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42:

etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo,

do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38.—

To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.— Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf.

adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum,

and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32:

haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit,

Verg. A. 7, 427.

After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.).

For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for:

cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is,

Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.—Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita [p. 34] ingenia esse) ni subinde auro... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28.—

When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often):

haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat,

thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4:

adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent,

id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1:

adeo in teneris consuescere multum est,

Verg. G. 2, 272.—

In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37.—

With a negative after ne—quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.):

hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest,

still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1:

ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit,

still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35:

favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis,

who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.—So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.—(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155.

ex-sto ( ext-), āre, v. n. ( part. fut. exstaturus, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 7; Pand. 47, 2, 78 al.), to stand out or forth, to project, to stand above.

Prop.:

(milites) cum capite solo ex aqua exstarent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18, 5;

for which: super aequora celso collo,

Ov. M. 11, 358:

aquis (navis),

id. Tr. 5, 11, 14; cf. absol., Caes. B. C. 1, 62, 2:

ferrum de pectore,

Ov. M. 9 128:

de arbore (surculus),

Col. 5, 11, 5:

ossa sub incurvis lumbis,

Ov. M. 8, 807:

aedificia modice ab humo exstantia,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 89:

paulum supra terram,

Gell. 19, 13, 3.— Poet. with acc.:

aliquem,

to overtop, Stat. S. 1, 2, 116.—

Trop. (syn.: emineo, eniteo), to be prominent, stand forth, be conspicuous:

quo magis id, quod erit illuminatum. exstare atque eminere videatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101:

haec enitere et exstare aliquatenus,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

arma tubaeque sonent, vox et tua noctibus exstet,

predominate, be heard above, Val. Fl. 5, 252.—

Meton. (causa pro effectu), to be visible, show itself, appear; [p. 705] to be extant, to exist, to be (most freq., esp. of inanim. and abstr. subjects):

hominum nemo exstat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 142:

auctor doctrinae ejus non exstat,

Liv. 1, 18, 2. pecunia, cujus auctor non exstat, Quint. 7, 2, 57:

Sarmenti domina exstat,

still lives, Hor. S. 1, 5, 55:

exstant hujus fortitudinis impressa vestigia,

Cic. Balb. 5, 13:

exstant epistolae Philippi ad Alexandrum,

id. Off. 2, 14, 48:

litterae,

id. Inv. 1, 39, 70:

leges,

id. Rep. 5, 2 fin.:

orationes,

Quint. 10, 7, 30: clarorum virorum non minus otii quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

sine oculis non potest exstare officium et munus oculorum,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 71; 2, 52, 107:

video hoc in numero neminem, cujus non exstet in me suum meritum,

id. Planc. 1, 2:

studium nostrum,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 7.—

Impers., with a subject or rel.-clause (very rare):

quem vero exstet et de quo sit memoriae proditum eloquentem fuisse, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 15, 57:

apparet atque exstat, utrum simus earum (artium) rudes an didicerimus,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 72 —Hence, ex-stans, ntis, P. a., projecting, prominent; comp. partes exstantiores, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 1, 3.

ex-sto ( ext-), āre, v. n. ( part. fut. exstaturus, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 7; Pand. 47, 2, 78 al.), to stand out or forth, to project, to stand above.

Prop.:

(milites) cum capite solo ex aqua exstarent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18, 5;

for which: super aequora celso collo,

Ov. M. 11, 358:

aquis (navis),

id. Tr. 5, 11, 14; cf. absol., Caes. B. C. 1, 62, 2:

ferrum de pectore,

Ov. M. 9 128:

de arbore (surculus),

Col. 5, 11, 5:

ossa sub incurvis lumbis,

Ov. M. 8, 807:

aedificia modice ab humo exstantia,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 89:

paulum supra terram,

Gell. 19, 13, 3.— Poet. with acc.:

aliquem,

to overtop, Stat. S. 1, 2, 116.—

Trop. (syn.: emineo, eniteo), to be prominent, stand forth, be conspicuous:

quo magis id, quod erit illuminatum. exstare atque eminere videatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101:

haec enitere et exstare aliquatenus,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

arma tubaeque sonent, vox et tua noctibus exstet,

predominate, be heard above, Val. Fl. 5, 252.—

Meton. (causa pro effectu), to be visible, show itself, appear; [p. 705] to be extant, to exist, to be (most freq., esp. of inanim. and abstr. subjects):

hominum nemo exstat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 142:

auctor doctrinae ejus non exstat,

Liv. 1, 18, 2. pecunia, cujus auctor non exstat, Quint. 7, 2, 57:

Sarmenti domina exstat,

still lives, Hor. S. 1, 5, 55:

exstant hujus fortitudinis impressa vestigia,

Cic. Balb. 5, 13:

exstant epistolae Philippi ad Alexandrum,

id. Off. 2, 14, 48:

litterae,

id. Inv. 1, 39, 70:

leges,

id. Rep. 5, 2 fin.:

orationes,

Quint. 10, 7, 30: clarorum virorum non minus otii quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

sine oculis non potest exstare officium et munus oculorum,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 71; 2, 52, 107:

video hoc in numero neminem, cujus non exstet in me suum meritum,

id. Planc. 1, 2:

studium nostrum,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 7.—

Impers., with a subject or rel.-clause (very rare):

quem vero exstet et de quo sit memoriae proditum eloquentem fuisse, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 15, 57:

apparet atque exstat, utrum simus earum (artium) rudes an didicerimus,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 72 —Hence, ex-stans, ntis, P. a., projecting, prominent; comp. partes exstantiores, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 1, 3.

ĭdōnĕus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root indh-, idh-, to kindle; prop. bright, conspicuous; cf. Idus], fit for something (esp. for an action), meet, proper, becoming, suitable, apt, capable, convenient, sufficient (of persons and things; class. and very freq. in prose and poetry; syn.: aptus, opportunus); constr. most commonly with ad, qui, the dat., or absol.; less freq. with in aliquid, the abl., or the inf.

With ad:

tot quidem non potuisti adducere homines magis ad hanc rem idoneos, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

non essem ad ullam causam idoneus, judices, si hoc non viderem,

Cic. Clu. 6, 17:

ad amicitiam esse idoneus,

id. Lael. 17, 62:

loco pro castris ad aciem instruendam opportuno atque idoneo,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

cum statim auditoris animum nobis idoneum reddimus ad audiendum,

Auct. Her. 1, 4, 6:

est enim (lex) ratio mensque sapientis, ad jubendum et ad deterrendum idonea,

Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 8:

scientia opportunitatis idoneorum ad agendum temporum,

id. Off. 1, 40, 142:

ad captandos lacertos tempestates non sunt idoneae,

id. Att. 2, 6, 1:

consilia idonea ad hoc nostrum negotium,

id. ib. 5, 6, 1 al.—

With qui, or a rel. adverb:

video hercle ego te me arbitrari, Euclio, hominem idoneum, Quem senecta aetate ludos facias,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 74; cf. Ter. And. 3, 2, 12; 4, 4, 18:

utrum ille (Pompeius) idoneus non est, qui impetret, etc.,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

tibi fortasse idoneus fuit nemo, quem imitarere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41:

idonea mihi Laelii persona visa est, quae de amicitia dissereret,

id. Lael. 1, 4:

et rem idoneam, de qua quaeratur, et homines dignos, quibuscum disseratur, putant,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

nequeo mearum rerum initium ullum invenire idoneum, Unde exordiar narrare, quae, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 1.—

With dat.:

erit alius (discipulus) historiae magis idoneus,

Quint. 2, 8, 7; 12, 10, 49:

idoneus arti Cuilibet,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 8:

non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris,

id. C. 2, 19, 26:

vixi puellis nuper idoneus,

id. ib. 3, 26, 1:

cum idoneos rhetori pueros putaverunt,

Quint. 2, 3, 1:

Falernum mihi semper idoneum visum est deversorio,

Cic. Fam. 6, 19, 1:

castris idoneum locum deligit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 10, 2; 7, 35, 4:

ad cibos viribus conservandis idoneos redeunt,

Quint. 2, 10, 6:

(volunt poëtae) simul et jucunda et idonea dicere vitae,

Hor. A. P. 334: metuensque futuri In pace, ut sapiens, aptarit idonea bello, id. S. 2, 2, 111:

ut patriae sit idoneus,

serviceable, Juv. 14, 71.—With dat. gerundi (post-Aug.):

Julius, qui perferendis militum mandatis habebatur idoneus,

Tac. A. 1, 23 fin. —

Absol.:

cujus (Cethegi) eloquentiae est auctor, et idoneus quidem mea sententia, Q. Ennius, etc.,

a proper, sufficient voucher, Cic. Brut. 15, 57:

auctor,

Quint. 1, 4, 20; 2, 4, 42:

qui si adductus gratia minus idoneum hominem praemio affecisset, etc.,

i. e. deserving, worthy, Cic. Balb. 3, 7; cf. id. Off. 2, 15, 54:

idoneus suae rei quisque defensor,

Quint. 4, 1, 46:

imperator,

id. 12, 3, 5:

juvenis,

id. 10, 5, 21: debitor, safe, able to pay (opp. inops), Dig. 4, 4, 27 fin.; so,

tutor,

ib. 26, 1, 9; 27, 8, 1:

homines,

ib. 35, 2, 88; cf. Sen. Ben. 4, 39:

servi conscii, tempus idoneum, locus opportune captus ad eam rem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

tempora,

Quint. 12, 11, 18; cf.:

lex promulgata idoneo die,

id. 2, 4, 35:

minus idoneis (verbis) uti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 154; cf.:

aptum atque idoneum verbum,

Quint. 9, 4, 144:

vox actoris,

id. 12, 7, 1:

lectio,

id. ib. 8 praef. §

28: cautio,

Dig. 40, 4, 50:

paries,

safe, sound, ib. 39, 2, 36:

navis,

ib. 19, 2, 13:

pignora,

sufficient, satisfactory, ib. 22, 1, 33.— Comp. (post-class.):

si persona idoneior accedat ad emptionem,

Dig. 18, 2, 4, § 6; cf. ib. 47, 23, 2; 43, 29, 3; 50, 6, 5 fin.; Tert. adv. Herm. 18; Anim. 18 (al. idonior or idoneor). — Subst.:

in deligendis idoneis judicium et diligentiam adhibere,

Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62:

cum idoneis collocutus,

Liv. 34, 25, 7:

nullo idoneo respondente,

Suet. Ner. 44; Quint. 7, 4, 39:

novum illud exemplum a dignis et idoneis ad indignos et non idoneos transfertur,

Sall. C. 51, 27:

per idoneos et secreti ejus socios,

Tac. A. 2, 39:

apud idonea provinciarum,

i. e. at proper stations, id. ib. 4, 5.—

With in and acc.:

infirmi et in nullam spem idonei,

Sen. Contr. 5, 33:

componere materias in hoc idoneas, ut, etc.,

Quint. 6, 3, 15.—

With abl. (like dignus):

res idoneas dignitate suā judicare,

Auct. Her. 3, 3, 5.—

With inf. ( poet. and postclass.):

fons etiam rivo dare nomen idoneus,

i. e. large enough, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 12:

si torrere jecur quaeris idoneum,

id. C. 4, 1, 12:

accendi idonea,

Sen. N. Q. 1, 15, 1.— Comp.:

idoneor (late Lat.),

Dig. 18, 2, 4, § 6; 47, 23, 2; Tert. adv. Herm. 18; id. de Anim. 18.—Hence, adv.: ĭdōnĕē, fitly, suitably, properly, duly, sufficiently (very rare):

exordium est oratio animum auditoris idonee comparans ad reliquam dictionem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 15, 20:

ergo cavendum est idonee. Quid est idonee? Satisdato utique aut pignoribus datis,

enough, Dig. 40, 5, 4:

cavere,

ib. 5, 3, 41; 27, 8, 1:

magis idonee reficere parietem,

more safely, solidly, ib. 39, 2, 41.— Comp.:

idonius,

Tert. Pall. 3 med.